PCB Design & Layouts

PCB reference designators One of the often underutilized tools in a PCB designer’s toolbox is the silkscreen. This top layer...

The QFN package for the CP2102 and CP2104 USB-to-UART bridge controllers. Image from Silicon Laboratories  Electronic components that enable interconnection...

Link The Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, who is almost universally regarded as the father of economics, postulated that ‘consumption is...

Designing circuit boards has to be one of the most exciting careers that anyone could embark on.

The AD7401AYRWZ sigma-delta modulator A word thrown around often when discussing signal processing is noise. What exactly is noise? If...

Sometimes, a small variation or change can make a significant impact. Take, for example, the Darlington Raceway in South Carolina—deep...

In 1986, a new communication protocol for automotives was released by Robert Bosch GmbH—most often referred to as Bosch—at that...

LM741 schematic symbol Among common electronic components, the operational amplifier, or op amp, stands out as one of the most...

Most circuit board designs can be considered custom, as most board development begins with the objective of solving a new...

NPN and PNP Power Transistors It is remarkable how much genealogy is reflected in the software and hardware systems that...